To enable the full spectrum of GNSS usability, the establishment and maintenance of
respective geodetic infrastructures for GNSS positioning services (GIPS) are
required worldwide
(see www.moldpos.eu).
Besides the geomonitoring component (GIPS-4) for GNSS-stations coordinate integrity
monitoring as well as for their use as early-warning and disaster mitigation
geomonitoring networks
(www.monika.ag,
www.goca.info),
GIPS has two transformation
components. Both transformation components concern the GNSS-consistent infrastructure
for spatial information (cadastre, GIS, urban planning, precise outdoor/indoor
navigation, construction, transportation, meteorology, land management, precise
agriculture, etc.).
The horizontal transformation component (GIPS-1) is related to the georeferencing of
spatial objects between the different modern regional ITRF-related frames (e.g. ETRF89
in Europe, SIRGAS in South America etc.) and the existing classical national reference
frames (fig. 5). GIPS-1 requires the establishment of respective datum-transformation
databases (see www.geozilla.de).
These databases enable the set up of RTCM transformation
messages (GIPS-3), and they can be for the used on GNSS controllers, in both cases as
infrastructure for GNSS-positioning services. Further these transformation-parameter
databases (GIPS-1) are needed interdisciplinarily in GIS-related applications.
The computation of HRS (Geoid N or QGeoid NQG) - as task of GIPS-2 -
enables by H = h – N
the conversion of ellipsoidal GNSS heights h to physical height H. GIPS-2
(www.dfhbf.de)
is therefore the second essential transformation component and modern spatial
infrastructure by enabling precise GNSS height-positioning in GNSS positioning services.